Natural Explanations for the Anthropic Coincidences

The anthropic coincidences are widely claimed to provide evidence for intelligent creation in the universe. However, neither data nor theory support this conclusion. No basis exists for assuming that a random universe would not have some kind of life. Calculations of the properties of universes having different physical constants than ours indicate that long-lived stars are not unusual, and thus most universes should have time for complex systems of some type to evolve. A multi-universe scenario is not ruled out since no known principle requires that only one universe exist. THE ANTHROPIC COINCIDENCES In 1919, Weyl expressed his puzzlement that the ratio of the electromagnetic force to the gravitational force between two electrons is such a huge number, N1 = 10 39 . He wondered why this should be the case, expressing his intuition that pure numbers like π appearing in the description of physical properties should occur within a few orders of magnitude of unity. Unity, or zero, you can expect "naturally." But why 10? Why not 10 or 10? Some principle must select out 10 . In 1937, Dirac discovered that N1 is the same order of magnitude as another pure number N2 that gives the ratio of a typical stellar lifetime to the time for light to traverse the radius of a proton. If one number being large is unlikely, how much more unlikely is for another to come along with about the same value? In 1961, Dicke pointed out that N2 is necessarily large in order that the lifetime of typical stars be sufficient to generate heavy chemical elements such as carbon. Furthermore, he showed that N1 must be of the same order of N2 for our universe to have elements heavier than lithium. According to the big bang theory, only hydrogen, helium, and lithium were formed in the early universe. Carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, iron, and all the other elements